Liliana Model Set 43 46 !LINK!

Once the f,ex,met and bio are provided, CROMICS simulates the growth and the redistribution of individual cells in the system. The growth of each cell in the model is based on doubling time and metabolic demand and represents the cell’s maintenance requirement. The volume of each cell shrinks if the cell’s mass and radius is less than a minimum volume, and the cell increases its volume by dividing when the cell’s mass and radius are larger than a minimum volume. The reduced diffusion in the high-density microbial system, in contrast, does not allow the nutrients to be taken up by cells in the first place. The reduced transport between cells results in a local depletion of nutrients, which has been demonstrated to affect the growth and the exchange flux of cells [17].

In the model, each cell is represented by a grid box where the volume Vcell is equal to the cell volume Vcell, whereas the surface volume Vsurface is equal to the cell’s surface (i.e. the sum of cell surface area Scell and holes). There is no overlap between the volume of cells in the box (i.e. the cells in each box do not intersect), and the volume occupied by the metabolite met in the box is equal to the cell’s volume Vcell. Each cell has a unique label representing the initial concentration of the metabolite met in the cell. Metabolites that are taken up and secreted by the cells are continuously distributed across the medium due to diffusion. The extracellular concentration of metabolites, in contrast, is assumed to be zero. At each time step, the amount of metabolites (which includes intracellular and extracellular concentrations) are re-calculated based on the location of cells and the transport fluxes between cells and medium. For example, at the simulation t = 0, the extracellular concentration of metabolite met in box S1 is half of the initial value, whereas the amount of metabolite met in each cell is equal to the value of the concentration at t = 0. Finally, the growth rate bio and the exchange flux of metabolite met to/from the cell f,ex,met [mmol gDW-1 h-1] can be calculated by TFA [21] or NN [24] from simulated mass exchange fluxes (see detailed description in S1 Text Mass exchange flux estimations).

The rise and set times given below are expected for observations from Indonesia. For other locations, please refer to the Earth's Sky and EarthSky web sites . The rise and set times are defined as the time at which the upper limb of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 touches the horizon, taking into account the effect of the atmospheric refraction. Comet 9P/Tempel 1 is expected to rise over the next few hours and set at the following times, depending on the observers location:

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