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Hydrocarbon reservoirs can exist in a wide variety of depths, including shallow, medium, and deep reservoirs. Similarly, there is a great difference in the geological conditions of deep reservoirs in different regions. For example, the porosity of the Dakota sandstone in the United States is relatively high, the porosity of the Mont Saint-Hilaire sandstone in Quebec is very high, and the porosity of the Sendai shale in Japan is relatively low. In addition, the physical conditions of deep reservoirs are different from those of shallow reservoirs. For example, the rate of water evaporation of deep reservoirs is much slower than that of shallow reservoirs, and the storage capacity of deep reservoirs is greater. Therefore, the physical conditions and physical and hydraulic properties of deep reservoirs are not the same as those of shallow reservoirs. Despite this, there are few comprehensive and in-depth studies on the physical properties of deep reservoirs. This is because deep reservoirs are difficult to obtain, and their content is generally small. At present, most deep reservoir studies mainly focus on the physical properties of shallow reservoirs to improve the basic production technology and provide technical support.

Diagenesis and the relationship between the hydrocarbon reservoir and the surrounding rock is another important aspect. In general, the deeper a reservoir is, the more difficult it is to preserve the hydrocarbon reservoir. The presence of basalt, carbonate, and other rocks can cause the occurrence of diagenesis, which can cause large carbon accumulation and the loss of hydrocarbon. Under certain conditions, the diagenetic materials can cause the release of deep hydrocarbon reservoirs. Therefore, understanding the genesis, preservation, and diagenetic transformation of deep hydrocarbon reservoirs and the mechanism of deep rock formations are of great significance for predicting the occurrence condition and distribution of deep hydrocarbon reservoirs.

In addition to the hydrocarbon reservoir, the presence of a gas reservoir in the same hydrocarbon formation is also important. When the deep hydrocarbon reservoirs are produced, a significant amount of gas will be produced. However, the gas produced will be in an amorphous, gaseous state with a high hydrocarbon-to-gas ratio. At present, this has not been studied in the related field. Taking into account the characteristics of deep hydrocarbon reservoirs and the fact that deep reservoirs are usually accompanied by deeper gas reservoirs, it is important to study the gas-rich micro-reservoir and the process of gas generation.

The exploration of hydrocarbons in deep waters is a relatively new research topic, and it can be divided into two kinds of deep-water exploration. One is the deep-water exploration of shale hydrocarbons, and the other is the exploration of deep-sea hydrocarbons, including deep-sea oil and natural gas.

The exploration of shale hydrocarbons is mainly to find the presence of shale and shale oil. The shale gas is the shale oil separated by the traditional deep-water oil production technology, which is mainly to find the presence of hydrocarbon without deep-sea production technology. The deep-sea production technology is still under development. 827ec27edc